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John I of Portugal
John I ((ポルトガル語:João), (); 11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433) was King of Portugal and the Algarve in 1385–1433. He was called ''the Good'' (sometimes ''the Great'') or ''of Happy Memory'', more rarely and outside Portugal, in Spain, ''the Bastard'', and was the first to use the title ''Lord of Ceuta''. He preserved the kingdom's independence from Castile.
== Early life ==
John was born in Lisbon as the natural son of Peter I by a woman named Teresa, who, according to Fernão Lopes, was a noble Galician. In the 18th century, António Caetano de Sousa found a 16th-century document in the archives of the Torre do Tombo, wherein she was named as Teresa Lourenço. In 1364, by request of D. Nuno Freire de Andrade, a Galician Grand Master of the Order of Christ, he was created Grand Master of the Order of Aviz, by which title he was known.
On the death of his half-brother Ferdinand I without a male heir in October 1383, strenuous efforts were made to secure the succession for Princess Beatrice, Ferdinand's only daughter. As heiress presumptive, Beatrice had married king John I of Castile, but popular sentiment was against an arrangement in which Portugal would have been virtually annexed by Castile. The 1383–1385 Crisis followed, a period of political anarchy, when no monarch ruled the country.
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